Swift - 类扩展(extension)
(本文代码已升级至Swift4)
1,给已有的类添加计算属性和计算静态属性
2,定义新的实例方法和类方法
3,提供新的构造器
4,定义下标脚本
5,是一个已有的类型符合某个协议
注意:
- 扩展只能添加新的计算型属性,不能添加存储型属性,也不能添加新的属性监视器。
- 在 Swift 4 中,extension 里可以访问 private 的属性。(过去 Swift3 中是不行的)
示例1:给字符串String类添加下标脚本,支持索引访问
extension String { subscript(start:Int, length:Int) -> String { get{ let index1 = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: start) let index2 = self.index(index1, offsetBy: length) return String(self[index1..<index2]) } set{ let tmp = self var s = "" var e = "" for (idx, item) in tmp.characters.enumerated() { if(idx < start) { s += "\(item)" } if(idx >= start + length) { e += "\(item)" } } self = s + newValue + e } } subscript(index:Int) -> String { get{ return String(self[self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: index)]) } set{ let tmp = self self = "" for (idx, item) in tmp.characters.enumerated() { if idx == index { self += "\(newValue)" }else{ self += "\(item)" } } } } } var str = "hangge.com" print(str[7,3]) print(str[7]) str[7,3] = "COM" str[0] = "H" print(str[0,10])运行结果如下:
示例2:给Double增加mm,cm等方法,进行进制转换
extension Double { func mm()->String { return "\(self/1)mm" } func cm()-> String { return "\(self/10)cm" } func dm()->String{ return "\(self/100)dm" } func m()->String { return "\(self/1000)m" } func km()->String { return "\(self/(1000*1000))km" } } let value = 2000000000.0 print(value.mm()) print(value.cm()) print(value.dm()) print(value.m()) print(value.km())运行结果如下:
return String(self[self.startIndex.advancedBy(index)])此处改为
return String (self [self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: index, limitedBy: self.endIndex)!])